Bleaching of the post-IR IRSL signal from individual grains of K-feldspar: Implications for single-grain dating

Post-IR IRSL (pIRIR) signals from K-feldspar grains measured at elevated temperatures are increasingly being used for dating sediments. Unfortunately the pIRIR signal from K-feldspars bleaches more slowly than other signals (e.g. OSL from quartz) upon exposure to daylight, leading to concerns about residual signals remaining at deposition. However, earlier studies have not assessed whether the pIRIR signal bleaches at the same rate in all feldspar grains. In this study laboratory bleaching experiments have been conducted and for the first time the results show that the rate at which the pIRIR signal from individual K-feldspar grains bleach varies. To determine whether grain-to-grain variability in bleaching rate has a dominant control on equivalent dose (D_e) distributions determined using single grains, analysis was undertaken on three samples with independent age control from different depositional environments (two aeolian and one glaciofluvial). The D_e value determined from each grain was compared with the rate at which the pIRIR₂₂₅ signal from the grain bleaches. The bleaching rate of each grain was assessed by giving a 52 Gy dose and measuring the residual D_e after bleaching for an hour in a solar simulator. There is no clear relationship between the rate at which the pIRIR₂₂₅ signal of an individual grain bleaches and the magnitude of its D_e. It is concluded that variability in the bleaching rate of the pIRIR₂₂₅ signal from one grain to another does not appear to be a dominant control on single grain D_e distributions.     

发酵虫草菌粉及产品指纹图谱建立及多指标成分分析

《中国药典》收载的发酵虫草菌粉产品的质量标准中,规定以鸟苷、腺苷、尿苷的含量作为评价相关产品质量的标准。但除此之外,还有许多其他的核苷类成分对发酵虫草菌粉质量控制的影响尚未被探讨。为探究发酵虫草菌粉及产品质控指标选择的合理性,采用超高效液相色谱-紫外检测法对19批发酵虫草菌粉及产品中9种核苷成分(尿嘧啶、胞苷、鸟嘌呤、尿苷、腺嘌呤、肌苷、鸟苷、胸苷、腺苷)进行了定量分析,建立了发酵虫草菌粉样品的指纹图谱,并结合统计学提供了一种分析指标性成分的方法。通过优化样品的提取方法,选择超声提取法制备19批发酵虫草菌粉及产品的供试液;采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm)进行色谱分析,以甲醇-水为流动相梯度洗脱,对方法的校正曲线、准确度、精密度、重复性和回收率进行了验证。结合对照品指认了指纹图谱中的9个核苷峰,并采用外标一点法测得了各核苷成分的含量。使用化学模式识别对指纹图谱中的共有峰进行分析,聚类分析和主成分分析得到了同样的分类结果:19批样品共分为5类,其中同一发酵虫草菌粉因工艺差异可分为2类,而心肝宝胶囊、百令胶囊、宁心宝胶囊则各单独分为1类。同时,使用主成分分析获得了各样品中的指标性成分,分别为尿苷、鸟苷、腺苷、腺嘌呤、尿嘧啶,并使用聚类分析再次进行确证,验证了指标性成分的合理性。     

Stingless Bee-Collected Pollen (Bee Bread): Chemical and Microbiology Properties and Health Benefits

Stingless bee-collected pollen (bee bread) is a mixture of bee pollen, bee salivary enzymes, and regurgitated honey, fermented by indigenous microbes during storage in the cerumen pot. Current literature data for bee bread is overshadowed by bee pollen, particularly of honeybee Apis. In regions such as South America, Australia, and Southeast Asia, information on stingless bee bee bread is mainly sought to promote the meliponiculture industry for socioeconomic development. This review aims to highlight the physicochemical properties and health benefits of bee bread from the stingless bee. In addition, it describes the current progress on identification of beneficial microbes associated with bee bread and its relation to the bee gut. This review provides the basis for promoting research on stingless bee bee bread, its nutrients, and microbes for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法非靶向快速筛查进口粮谷中未知的农药残留

利用快速提取农药(fast pesticide extraction,FaPEx)方法前处理样品,并结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF)技术建立了非靶向快速筛查进口粮谷中未知的多种农药残留方法。采用1%(v/v)醋酸乙腈溶液提取粮谷中未知的农药残留,FaPEx固相萃取柱净化、浓缩,UPLC-Q-TOF检测。利用目标化合物特征离子的精确质量数、同位素匹配、二级碎片信息和保留时间进行数据库匹配,筛查可疑未知农药。结果表明,该方法无需对照标准品即可快速筛查进口粮谷中的农药残留,能够应用于进口粮谷样品的实际筛查。该方法快速、准确、分析通量高,可以为进口粮谷中农药残留的快速筛查和质量控制提供重要的方法依据。     

非均匀磁场尘埃等离子体中颗粒的复杂运动

本文研究了在非均匀磁场尘埃等离子体中不规则尘埃颗粒的复杂运动, 包括圆滚运动、尖头圆滚运动、圆周运动以及波浪运动等. 放置在电极上的圆柱形磁铁的主要作用是改变鞘层的径向分布, 进而对颗粒产生径向约束, 使尘埃颗粒悬浮于圆柱形磁铁周围, 其磁场并不足以磁化颗粒使其做圆滚运动. 通过与球形尘埃颗粒的对比实验发现, 圆滚运动是不规则尘埃颗粒在等离子体中特有的一种运动. 我们提出了一种新的机理: 由于不规则颗粒的自旋而引起的横向反Magnus力对颗粒的圆滚运动起了重要的作用. 文中通过受力分析定性地对实验中观察到的非球形颗粒的各种运动给出了合理的解释.     

Effect of some amines,dodecylamine (DDA) and hexadecyldimethylamine (DMHA), on the formation of ZnO nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal route

In this paper, we try to study the effect of two different ionic and nonionic amines dodecylamine (DDA) and hexadecyldimethylamine (DMHA) considered as weak bases and surfactant on the growth of ZnO nanorods using hydrothermal synthesis technique. The self-assembly of oriented attachment (OA) of ZnO nano- and microrods has been successfully obtained by this technique at temperatures greater than 150?°C. The ZnO nano/microrods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman scattering spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence. The XRD measurements show that ZnO prepared by DDA amine presents small grain size in comparison to ZnO obtained from DMHA amine. From SEM characterization, we show that DDA amine has a great effect on the OA of several homogenous ZnO microrods building blocks. The growth process is explained by the formation of ZnO OA in microstructures scale which is depending on ionic character of amines. Optic measurements (Raman, FTIR and photoluminescence) are presented and commented.     

ZnO薄膜微结构变化对光电特性的影响

使用脉冲激光淀积(PLD)技术在n型Si衬底上沉积氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜,在O2气氛下对样品进行了500℃(Sample1,S1),600℃(Sample2,S2),700℃(Sample3,S3)和800℃(Sample4,S4)退火,随后进行了X射线衍射(XRD)谱,椭偏光折射率,热激电流(TSC)和电容-电压(C-V)的测量。研究发现:S1中晶界的电子陷阱由高浓度的深能级杂质(Zni)提供的电子填充,该能级位于ET=EC-0.24±0.08eV。S3中出现与中性施主(D0)有关的深能级中心,其ET=EC-0.13±0.03eV,推测D0的出现与高温氧气条件退火下晶界处形成的复合体缺陷有关。XRD和椭偏光折射率测量结果表明:氧气对ZnO薄膜微结构的修饰是改变ZnO/Si结构光电特性的主要因素。     

Frequency and size distribution dependence of visible and infrared extinction for astronomical silicate and graphite grains

In a recent paper, the frequency and size distribution dependence of extinction spectra for astronomical silicate and graphite grains was analyzed in the context of MRN type interstellar dust models in the far ultraviolet and ultraviolet regions. These grains were taken to be homogeneous spheres following a power law size distribution. In the present work we extend the analysis further to cover the visible as well as the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The analytic formulas presented here along with those given in the earlier paper would enable one to evaluate extinction for these grains within a wider wavelength range 1000-22,500 Å and analyze the observational interstellar extinction data in far greater details.     

吸水体膨颗粒与油藏适应性评价

针对矿场调剖实际需求,利用仪器检测和物理模拟方法,开展了体膨颗粒吸水率与溶胀率、抗剪切性、渗流特性、传输运移能力、粒径与油藏孔隙匹配关系和驱油效果实验研究.结果表明:随时间延长,体膨颗粒吸水率和溶胀率增大,并且初期增幅较大,24小时后增幅减缓.体膨颗粒抗剪切性能较好,经地层剪切后83%以上仍为大颗粒.体膨颗粒粒径愈小,溶剂水矿化度愈低,吸水率和溶胀率愈大,抗剪切能力愈差;与污水相比较,污水配置聚合物溶液中体膨颗粒吸水率和溶胀率较小,抗剪切性较好,当体膨颗粒浓度为6000mg/L时,"体膨颗粒粒径/平均喉道直径"范围在4.18~5.40之间可适用于油藏.推荐体膨颗粒浓度6000mg/L,注入量0.38PV,调剖半径51.3m,为避免封堵近井地带,可先选择小粒径颗粒注入,并逐渐增大粒径.